The aqa gcse science textbooks are in the aqa approval process. Crude oil is composed of hydrocarbons of different lengths. Hot crude oil over 300 o c is pumped in at the bottom. Most of the crude oil is vaporised turned into a gas.
Learn about the process of oil distillation in order to create fuels and plastics with bbc bitesize gcse chemistry. There is a condenser at the top of the fractionating column that condenses out any remaining molecules with at least 5 carbon. Which are the products of fractional distillation of crude oil. Crude oil is used to produce many useful materials. Chemistry for edexcel international gcse hodder education. My revision notes biology, chemistry, physics and combined science. Heated crude oil is added to the bottom of the column and, in gaseous form, rises. The column is very hot at the bottom but much cooler at the top 3. Tarsia puzzle on crude oil including fractional distillation, uses of fractions, cracking etc 30 diagrams keywords to match up 24 cards per set. Crude oil is a mixture of many thousands of different compounds with different properties. Crude oil is a mixture of substances which are mostly hydrocarbons a hydrocarbon is a compound containing hydrogen and carbon only remember the. They are called hydrocarbons because they only contain the elements hydrogen and carbon to make crude oil. Cracking is used to convert long alkanes into shorter, more. Powerpoint presentation on crude oil, how it is created, fractional distillation, hydrocarbons, combustion, alkenes, global warming and acid rain.
Crude oil is a mixture of a very large number of compounds. It is an exceptionally valuable resource that is made up mostly of alkanes. These are often located in close proximity to the crude oil source. Play this quiz called chemistry gcse 5 fractional distillation and crude oil and show off your skills. You can also browse amazons limitedtime free kindle books to find out what books are free right now. Learn about crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes with bitesize gcse chemistry aqa. The distillation process of crude oil is the main concern of this paper. Learn crude oil chemistry with free interactive flashcards. Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons hydrocarbons are compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon atoms only. As i mentioned above, crude oil is a mixture of different compounds. Fractional distillation achieves this by using the fact that longer hydrocarbons have higher boiling points.
In this gcse organic chemistry revision video, hazel discusses fractional distillation and provides a background into crude oil. Gcse science chemistry 91 fractional distillation of crude oil. Petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation. Gcse chemistry products from oil medium demand questions questionsheet 14 some of the products of the distillation of crude oil are used as fuels. Aug 01, 2014 this video explains how crude oil is separated into different fractions using fractional distillation. How does fractional distillation separate different. Crude oil is not renewable as it takes years to form, this makes it ever more precious. Choose from 500 different sets of crude oil chemistry flashcards on quizlet. Large amounts of oil and gas may collect in a porous rock. Fractional distillation separates a mixture into a number of different parts, called fractions a tall fractionating column is fitted above the mixture, with. Revision notes on the fractional distillation of crude oil, uses of oil fractions related to size of molecule and intermolecular bonding forces, help when revising for aqa gcse 91 chemistry, edexcel gcse 91 chemistry, ocr gcse 91 gateway science, ocr gcse 91 21st century science gcse 91 chemistry practice examination questions. Crude oil petroleum is composed of mostly hydrocarbons alkanes and aromatics, and is a tremendous mixture of compounds consisting of between 5 and 40 carbon atoms. Uses of fractional distillation chemistry libretexts.
Fractional distillation of crude oil fractions and useful products. Here, we reported the ideas of different processes of distillations and their steps. The very longest alkanes have the strongest intermolecular forces and so dont boil, but exit the column at the bottom. In industry, such as in the fractional distillation of crude oil see.
Learn the basics about the uses of crude oil fractions. This is carried out in oil refineries using giant fractionating columns also known as fractionating towers. This video relates to the aqa 91 gcse chemistry specification which will be examined for the first time in 2018. To find out the products formed when hydrocarbons burn, the apparatus below is used. Crude oil is the untouched oil as it comes out of the ground.
The hydrocarbons in crude oil are separated using fractional distillation due to their different boiling points. Gcse science chemistry 91 fractional distillation of. Have a go at this aqa syllabus a quiz and revise what youve learned in class. Making crude oil usefulfractional distillation and. Combustion of hydrocarbons and fractional distillation of. Gcse science chemistry 91 crude oil and hydrocarbons duration.
I know very little about chemistry and just randomly picked numbers here. Hydrocarbons are chain molecules of varying lengths made from hydrogen and carbon atoms only. The pressure on the oil may build up so much that when a hole is drilled through the rock cap, oil gushes out. The shorter chain hydrocarbons will boil at a lower temperature than the longer chain hydrocarbons, allowing the crude oil to be separated into fractions depending on the temperature. Crude oil can be converted into many useful things.
The industrial process of fractional distillation separates crude oil into fractions, some of these fractions can be used for fuels and plastics. Gasoline produced by distillation of crude oil is called straightrun gasoline. More advanced learners, aged 1416, can repeat simple distillation to consolidate understanding and skills, for example with a fluorescein solution, which becomes more vividly green as the colourless water distils off. In a fractional distillation chamber, the crude oil is heated and cooled to different temperatures. Fractional distillation revision questions revise 4 science. Study c1 fractional distillation of crude oil, cracking flashcards from. Use the diagram to help you to explain how crude oil is separated into fractions. These videos are designed to help you with your gcse science revision. Deliberate thought by kevin macleod is licensed under a creative commons attribution licence. Oil is heated to 400 degrees at the bottom of the fractionating column, where it vapourises 2. If you want to learn about crude oil from a true chemical perspective, check out the third lecture in this toprated chemistry 101 course, which deals with one of the most interesting and relevant aspects of chemistry. Free support resources for chemistry for you 5th edition. Gcse chemistry crude oil and alkanes aqa 91 youtube. Crude oil is a mixture of a very large number of compounds it is formed from the remains of plants and animals which died millions of years ago.
In a fractional distillation chamber, the crude oil is heated and cooled to different. Which are the products of fractional distillation of crude. Home gcse study tools chemistry chemistry crude oil chemistry crude oil covers crude oil, fractional distillation, alkanes, alkenes, densiry, monomer, polymers and nanotechnology. Once the crude oil has been extracted from the ground, it is transported to an oil refinery by pipeline or by giant oil tankers. Jul 28, 2014 industrial fractional distillation of crude oil. Therefore, distillation is a feasible separation technique. The fractions are separated by boiling point through a process called fractional distillation. In widening its vision also to incorporate a geological history of petroleum formation, presentday geopolitical and economic issues, and approaches to redress and improve the delicate ties between the petroleum industry and the. The revision questions and answers for gcse chemistry paper 2, organic chemistry are below. Acces pdf fractional distillation of air gcse past paper. When the temperature of the tower equals the boiling point of the fraction it condenses 5. Gcse crude oil uses other than a source of fuel revision. Fractional distillation of crude oil fractional distillation gcse.
Most of the compounds in crude oil consist of molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only, we call these type of compounds hydrocarbons. The relative percentage of each varies from oil to oil, determining the properties of each oil. Welcome to the edexcel international gcse chemistry student book. Crude oil i will be using crude oil as a recurring example during my powerpoint it represent the mixture. The crude oil is heated to 450 0 c and then pumped into the bottom of a fractionating column. Fractional distillation of crude oil animated science. Petroleum is a mixture consisting mainly of alkane hydrocarbons that can be separated by fractional distillation.
The continued use of crude oil at the present rate will result in it running out in the future. Nov 01, 2017 nov 1, 2017 fractional distillation of crude oil poster a3 refining is the manufacture of petroleum products from crude oil. C1 fractional distillation of crude oil flashcards in. Year 10 and year 11 students look at its makeup and the issues surrounding it, as well as its uses other than as a source of fuel e. The many hydrocarbons in crude oil may be separated into fractions, each of which contains molecules of a similar size, by evaporating the oil and allowing it to condense at a number of different. In order to make it useful for a wide range of purposes, it undergoes fractional distillation where the different lengths of alkanes are separated. In this video, we look at how the hydrocarbons in crude oil are separated by fractional distillation. If you want to learn about crude oil from a true chemical perspective, check out the third lecture in this toprated chemistry 101 course, which deals with one of the most interesting and relevant aspects of. The fractionating column has a temperature gradient, which means that it is hottest at the bottom and gets progressively cooler closer to the top.
Simple fractional distillation doc can be carried out using synthetic crude oil. Crude oil is composed of a complex mix of hydrocarbons, so the products formed from fractional distillation will also be a mix of these complex molecules. Four different types of hydrocarbon molecules appear in crude oil. How does fractional distillation of crude oil work. I was wondering whether distillation of crude oil always yields the same ratios of fuel or if that ratio can be influenced. Fractional distillation of crude oil gcse secondary. When crude oil reaches the refinery it is a thick black, smelly liquid. Nov, 2017 in this video, we look at how the hydrocarbons in crude oil are separated by fractional distillation. Fractional distillation of crude oil poster a3 fractional. Chemical bonding, application of chemical reactions and organic chemistry. In this online course, learn indepth knowledge of general, organic and analytic chemistry through topics such as chemical equilibrium and chromatography. Fractional distillation of crude oil crude oil is a mixture of many thousands of different compounds with different properties.
Crude oil can be separated into different fractions using fractional distillation. It is formed from the remains of plants and animals which died millions of years ago. Petroleum crude oil composition by weight hydrocarbon average range paraffins 30% 15 to 60% naphthenes 49% 30 to 60% aromatics 15% 3 to 30% asphaltics 6% remainder. Petroleum or crude oil is a complex, naturally occurring liquid mixture. However, the basic categories of distilled products are. Crude oil forms a major part of the chemistry section in gcse science. This is a quiz called chemistry gcse 5 fractional distillation and crude oil and was created by member mrs lusty. You should use the words evaporated and condensed in your answer.
Fractional distillation of crude oil refining uses of fractions, methane. Jul 28, 2014 to better understand fractional distillation of crude oil, lets first examine a simple distillation process. Crude oil was formed from the fossilized remains of dead plants and animals and therefore is called a fossil fuel. A little extra on fractional distillation for advanced a level students. Describe how crude oil is separated by fractional distillation.
Aug 12, 2003 crude oil chemistry is foremost a scientifically exact guide to the full family of classical and modern analytical and process technologies in petroleum refining. Residue hot 350c bottled gas fuel for cars making chemicals aircraft fuel fuel for cars, lorries, buses fuel for ships, power stations bitumen for roads and roofs sma i molecules ow boiling point very volati e flows easily ignites easily large mo ecules. Fractional distillation involves the higher boiled fractions collect near the bottom of the column while the lower boiling temps rise to the top of the fraction tray. Edexcel international gcse chemistry 4ch1 for exams from 2019. Pdf distillation process of crude oil researchgate. Before watching this video you should watch our video explaining how crude oil is.
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